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From blood typing to DNA testing: The evolution of relationship identification

Did you know that it was only 20 years ago that laboratories started routinely performing DNA testing?

DNA testing has transformed the field of relationship identification. From as early as the late 1800s, scientists searched for techniques to biologically determine relationships. Initially, blood typing was used to identify relationships between parents and children, although the test results were not very conclusive.

Relationship identification became a little more powerful with the use of serological testing, in which scientists compared the presence of Rhesus proteins (Rh factors) in the blood. By the late 1970s, scientists were able to compare HLA (unique proteins found throughout the body), establishing a more powerful form of relationship testing than blood typing or serological tests. However, this test was not universally useful because of the large samples of blood that were required for testing, making it dangerous and often impossible to test infants and young children.

In the early 1980s, scientists discovered a way to use DNA samples for identifying biological relationships. The RFLP technique yielded highly conclusive results, but, like HLA testing, it required large blood samples in addition to having a long processing time.

The PCR technique, also introduced in the 1980s, changed the face of DNA testing. PCR is powerful enough to test small DNA samples and its turnaround time is very quick. By using PCR, scientists can painlessly collect small DNA samples from the inside of the patient’s cheek using buccal swabs to quickly yield results that are highly conclusive.

PCR is the preferred DNA testing technique in the Beta paternity laboratory. Through this technique, we can provide you with the opportunity to painlessly collect a DNA sample through buccal swabs for fast, conclusive results to your case. Order a free kit from us today to start your DNA test.

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